NASA’n\u0131n y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131 ke\u015ffeden N\u00f6tron Y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131 \u0130\u00e7 Yap\u0131 Ka\u015fifi (NICER) isimli cihaz\u0131, patlama ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f \u00f6l\u00fc y\u0131ld\u0131zlar olarak bilinen n\u00f6tron y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131n g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcndeki haritas\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131yor. NASA’n\u0131n NICER arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla son olarak payla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 Cyngus Loop isimli 90 \u0131\u015f\u0131k y\u0131l\u0131 uzakl\u0131ktaki ve 5-8 bin ya\u015f\u0131nda oldu\u011fu tahmin edilen s\u00fcpernovan\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleriyle ilgili konu\u015fan NASA’n\u0131n Goddard Uzay Merkezi yetkilisi Keith Gendreau, “G\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn yeni bir X-\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 haritas\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131yoruz. NICER’\u0131n g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcyle ilgili \u015fimdiye kadar bilinmeyen kaynaklar\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131karaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tahmin ediyoruz” diye konu\u015ftu. NICER’\u0131n elde edece\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclerin, bilim d\u00fcnyas\u0131na bu s\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131k halde duran y\u0131ld\u0131z olu\u015fumlarda ne t\u00fcr materyallerin yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilgisini sa\u011flayaca\u011f\u0131 belirtiliyor.<\/p>\n
N\u00f6tron y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131, s\u00fcpernova patlamalar\u0131ndan arta kalan maddelerin k\u00fctle\u00e7ekimi etkisiyle \u00e7\u00f6kmesiyle meydana gelir. Bu y\u0131ld\u0131zlar neredeyse tamamen n\u00f6tronlardan olu\u015fsa da az miktarda proton ve elektron da i\u00e7erir. Bu proton ve elektronlar olmadan n\u00f6tron y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131 uzun s\u00fcre var olmaya devam edemezdi. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc n\u00f6tronlar serbest haldeyken karars\u0131zd\u0131r ve beta \u0131\u015f\u0131mas\u0131 yaparak k\u0131sa s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde proton ve elektronlara ayr\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Ancak y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131n i\u00e7indeki y\u00fcksek bas\u0131n\u00e7 sebebiyle proton ve elektronlar\u0131n birle\u015ferek n\u00f6tronlara d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesi, n\u00f6tron y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131n\u0131n daha kararl\u0131 bir yap\u0131ya sahip olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n
N\u00f6tron y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131n\u0131n k\u00fctleleri G\u00fcne\u015f\u2019inkinin 1,44 ila 3 kat\u0131 olabilir. Bug\u00fcne kadar g\u00f6zlemlenmi\u015f en b\u00fcy\u00fck n\u00f6tron y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n k\u00fctlesi ise G\u00fcne\u015f\u2019inkinin yakla\u015f\u0131k iki kat\u0131d\u0131r. Samanyolu i\u00e7inde yakla\u015f\u0131k 2000 n\u00f6tron y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131 oldu\u011fu biliniyor. G\u00fcne\u015f Sistemi\u2019ne en yak\u0131n n\u00f6tron y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131, yakla\u015f\u0131k 400 \u0131\u015f\u0131k y\u0131l\u0131 uzakl\u0131ktaki RX J1856.5-3754 ve yakla\u015f\u0131k 424 \u0131\u015f\u0131k y\u0131l\u0131 uzakl\u0131ktaki PSR J0108-1431\u2019dir.<\/p>\n
N\u00f6tron y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131n\u0131n k\u00fctleleri \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen hacimleri \u00e7ok k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckt\u00fcr. \u00d6rne\u011fin k\u00fctlesi G\u00fcne\u015f\u2019inkinin yakla\u015f\u0131k 1,5 kat\u0131 olan bir n\u00f6tron y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ap\u0131 sadece 10 kilometre civar\u0131ndad\u0131r. Bu durum n\u00f6tron y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131n\u0131n yo\u011funluklar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek olmas\u0131na neden olur. \u00d6yle ki n\u00f6tron y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131n\u0131n yo\u011funluklar\u0131 G\u00fcne\u015f\u2019inkinin 2,6 x 1014 ila 4,1 x 1014 kat\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
N\u00f6tron y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131n\u0131n k\u00fctle\u00e7ekimi etkisiyle daha fazla k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclmemelerinin nedeni, Pauli d\u0131\u015farlama ilkesidir. Bu ilke, fermiyon grubu iki par\u00e7ac\u0131\u011f\u0131n -\u00f6rne\u011fin protonlar, elektronlar ve n\u00f6tronlar- ayn\u0131 konuma ve ayn\u0131 kuantum durumuna sahip olamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yler. Bu y\u00fczden k\u00fctlesi G\u00fcne\u015f\u2019inkinin \u00fc\u00e7 kat\u0131ndan az olan n\u00f6tron y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131n\u0131n yo\u011funlu\u011fu atom \u00e7ekirde\u011findeki yo\u011funluklar d\u00fczeyine ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman \u00e7\u00f6kme durur. Ancak k\u00fctlesi G\u00fcne\u015f\u2019inkinin be\u015f kat\u0131ndan fazla olan n\u00f6tron y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131 karars\u0131zd\u0131r ve \u00e7\u00f6kmeye devam ederler. Bu y\u0131ld\u0131zlar karadeli\u011fe d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
Baz\u0131 n\u00f6tron y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131n\u0131n kendi etraf\u0131ndaki d\u00f6nme h\u0131z\u0131 \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr. Bu durumun nedeni -a\u00e7\u0131sal momentumun korunumu yasas\u0131 gere\u011fi- y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131n hacmi azald\u0131k\u00e7a kendi etraf\u0131ndaki d\u00f6nme h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bilinen n\u00f6tron y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde kendi etraf\u0131nda d\u00f6nme h\u0131z\u0131 en y\u00fcksek olan PSR J1748-2446ad\u2019dir. Bu y\u0131ld\u0131z her saniye kendi etraf\u0131nda yakla\u015f\u0131k 716 defa d\u00f6ner.<\/p>\n
Baz\u0131 n\u00f6tron y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131n\u0131n radyo dalgalar\u0131 ve X-\u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131 yayd\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6zlemlenmi\u015ftir. Pulsar ya da atarca ad\u0131 verilen bu y\u0131ld\u0131zlardan yay\u0131lan dalgalar periyodiktir.<\/p>\n
Bilinen n\u00f6tron y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131n\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k %5\u2019i ikili y\u0131ld\u0131z sistemlerinin \u00fcyeleridir. Bu sistemlerdeki n\u00f6tron y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131n\u0131n e\u015fleri normal y\u0131ld\u0131zlar, beyaz c\u00fcceler ya da ba\u015fka n\u00f6tron y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131 olabilir. Genel g\u00f6relilik kuram\u0131, ikili y\u0131ld\u0131z sistemlerinin k\u00fctle\u00e7ekimsel dalgalar yayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve zaman i\u00e7inde y\u0131ld\u0131zlar aras\u0131ndaki mesafenin azalaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yler. K\u00fctle\u00e7ekimsel dalgalar\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile ilgili ilk kan\u0131t, n\u00f6tron y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131 i\u00e7eren bir ikili y\u0131ld\u0131z sisteminin g\u00f6zlemlenmesi ve y\u0131ld\u0131zlar aras\u0131ndaki mesafenin genel g\u00f6relilik kuram\u0131n\u0131n tahminleriyle uyumlu bir bi\u00e7imde de\u011fi\u015fti\u011finin bulunmas\u0131yla elde edildi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
NASA’n\u0131n y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131 ke\u015ffeden N\u00f6tron Y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131 \u0130\u00e7 Yap\u0131 Ka\u015fifi (NICER) isimli cihaz\u0131, patlama ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f \u00f6l\u00fc y\u0131ld\u0131zlar olarak bilinen n\u00f6tron y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131n g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcndeki haritas\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131yor. NASA’n\u0131n NICER arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla son olarak payla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 Cyngus Loop isimli 90 \u0131\u015f\u0131k y\u0131l\u0131 uzakl\u0131ktaki ve 5-8 bin ya\u015f\u0131nda oldu\u011fu tahmin edilen s\u00fcpernovan\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleriyle ilgili konu\u015fan NASA’n\u0131n Goddard Uzay Merkezi yetkilisi Keith Gendreau, “G\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn yeni […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":23,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[506],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-98264","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-astronomi"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n