Y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131n dizili\u015fleri mevsimler ve y\u0131llara g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fir. Bu nedenle de insanlar y\u00fczy\u0131llar boyunca y\u0131ld\u0131zlara bakarak anlamlar \u00e7\u0131kartabilmi\u015ftir. Tak\u0131my\u0131ld\u0131z, g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn (veya g\u00f6k k\u00fcrenin) b\u00f6l\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc 88 alandan her birine verilen isimdir.Terim genellikle, yanl\u0131\u015f bir bi\u00e7imde, g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015fte birbiriyle ilgili g\u00f6z\u00fcken y\u0131ld\u0131z gruplar\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131mlamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Baz\u0131 \u00fcnl\u00fc tak\u0131my\u0131ld\u0131zlar, \u00e7e\u015fitli nesnelere benzetilen parlak y\u0131ld\u0131z d\u00fczenlerine sahiptir. \u00d6rnek olarak, bir avc\u0131 fig\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131\u015ft\u0131ran Avc\u0131 Tak\u0131my\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131 (Orion) ve aslan fig\u00fcr\u00fc \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131\u015ft\u0131ran Aslan Tak\u0131my\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131 (Leo) verilebilir.<\/p>\n
Klaudyos Batlamyus’un resmi; 16. y\u00fczy\u0131l modern Alman stilinde kitap kabartmas\u0131
\nEski g\u00f6k bilimciler bu \u015fekilleri efsanelerdeki belirli hayvanlara ve kahramanlara benzetmi\u015f ve bunlar\u0131n tanr\u0131larca g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131na inanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Tak\u0131my\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc, eski Yunanlar ve Romal\u0131lar adland\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r, ama onlar da bu adlar\u0131 Babilliler’den alm\u0131\u015f olabilirler. Tak\u0131my\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131n olu\u015fturdu\u011fu bu \u015fekiller geceleri g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcnde incelenecek olursa, g\u00f6zlemlenen \u015fekillerin benzetilen nesnelerle aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkiyi fark etmek kolay olmayabilir.<\/p>\n
\u0130lk uygarl\u0131klardan bu yana, g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fc g\u00f6zlemcileri, en parlak y\u0131ld\u0131zlan daha kolay bir \u015fekilde i\u015faretlemek i\u00e7in bunlar\u0131, g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcnde \u00e7izdikleri \u015fekillere g\u00f6re bir araya getirmeyi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcler. B\u00f6ylece, mitolojik kahramanlar, hayvanlar veya nesnelerle \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015ftirilmi\u015f tak\u0131my\u0131ld\u0131zlar do\u011fdu. Tak\u0131my\u0131ld\u0131zlara, Yunan mitolojisinden al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f adlar verme d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinin, M\u00d6 III. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Makedonya kral\u0131 Antigonos Gonatas’\u0131n saray\u0131nda hekim ve ozan olan Aratos’dan \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 san\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. G\u00f6k k\u00fcrenin kuzey yar\u0131 k\u00fcresinin haritas\u0131, II. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Ptolemaios taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanan ve 48 tak\u0131my\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131 kapsayan haritaya dayan\u0131r. Astronomlar\u0131n G\u00fcney Yar\u0131 K\u00fcre’nin g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc \u00e7ok daha ge\u00e7 d\u00f6nemlerde g\u00f6zlemleyebilmeleri nedeniyle, g\u00fcney tak\u0131my\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131n belirlenmesi \u00e7ok daha yak\u0131n tarihlere rastlar. Bunlar\u0131, XVII. y\u00fczy\u0131lda \u00f6zellikle Bayer ve Hevelius, sonra XVIII. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Lalande ve La Caille adland\u0131rd\u0131lar ve daha \u00e7ok ku\u015f veya bilimsel alet adlan kulland\u0131lar: Tavus, Tukan, Mikroskop, Sekstant, Oktant vb.<\/p>\n
Uzun s\u00fcre tak\u0131my\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 belirsiz kald\u0131. D\u00fcrb\u00fcn ve teleskobun bulunmas\u0131ndan sonra, bu aletlerle ke\u015ffedilen \u00e7ok say\u0131da d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck par\u0131lt\u0131l\u0131 y\u0131ld\u0131z katalo\u011fa al\u0131n\u0131rken birtak\u0131m g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcklerle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131ld\u0131. Bu d\u00f6nemde kimi astronomlar eskileri hi\u00e7e sayarak, ak\u0131llar\u0131na esti\u011fince yeni g\u00f6k cismi \u015fekilleri belirleme yoluna bile gittiler. B\u00f6ylece, XIX. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonunda, 108 tak\u0131my\u0131ld\u0131z say\u0131l\u0131yordu ve bunlar\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 \u00fcst\u00fcnde tam bir uzla\u015fma yoktu. 1925’ten bu yana g\u00f6kbilimde d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en yetkili kurulu\u015fu olan Uluslararas\u0131 Astronomi Birli\u011fi, g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc 88 tak\u0131my\u0131ld\u0131za b\u00f6ld\u00fc. Bunlar\u0131n her biri, yaln\u0131z ad\u0131n\u0131 ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 parlak y\u0131ld\u0131zlar grubunu de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda, enlem ve boylam yaylar\u0131yla s\u0131n\u0131rlanan ve resm\u00ee olarak Latince ad\u0131yla veya \u00fc\u00e7 harflik bir k\u0131saltmayla belirtilen bir g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fc b\u00f6lgesini de kapsar. Bu tak\u0131my\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, 1 303 derece karelik Di\u015fi Ejderha ve en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, 68 derece karelik G\u00fcney Ha\u00e7\u0131’d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
G\u00f6zlem, gece boyunca g\u00f6kk\u00fcrenin, Kuzey Yar\u0131k\u00fcre’de, K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Ay\u0131 tak\u0131my\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n en parlak y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131na \u00e7ok yak\u0131n olan bir nokta \u00e7evresinde, saat hareketine ters y\u00f6nde blok halinde d\u00f6n\u00fcyormu\u015f izlenimi verir. S\u00f6z konusu nokta, g\u00f6k k\u00fcrenin iki kutbundan biridir, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bunun yak\u0131n\u0131nda yer alan y\u0131ld\u0131za, Kutup Y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131 ad\u0131 verilir. G\u00f6zlem, her gece ayn\u0131 saatlerde tekrarland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn yakla\u015f\u0131k 24 saatte ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7taki g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc yeniden ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 saptanabilir. Tak\u0131my\u0131ld\u0131zlar k\u00fcmesinin 24 saatlik bu hareketine \u00ab g\u00fcnl\u00fck hareket \u00bb ad\u0131 verilir. Burada, yaln\u0131zca zahir\u00ee bir hareket s\u00f6z konusudur. Ger\u00e7ekte D\u00fcnya, kutuplar\u0131ndan ge\u00e7en bir eksen \u00fcst\u00fcnde ve kendi \u00e7evresinde do\u011fudan bat\u0131ya 23 saat 56 dakikada d\u00f6ner. Ama y\u0131ld\u0131zlar \u00e7ok uzakta oldu\u011fundan, her \u015fey sanki D\u00fcnya ile ayn\u0131 eksen \u00e7evresinde, ayn\u0131 periyoda, ama ters y\u00f6nde 23 saat 56 dakikada d\u00f6n\u00fcyormu\u015f ve y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131n as\u0131l\u0131 oldu\u011fu \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u00fcrenin merkezin-deymi\u015fiz gibi geli\u015fir.<\/p>\n
G\u00fcnl\u00fck hareket, y\u0131ld\u0131zl\u0131 g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc belli bir yerde yaln\u0131z saatten saate de\u011fi\u015ftirmez, ayn\u0131 zamanda geceden geceye de yava\u015f yava\u015f bu g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fc d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcme u\u011frat\u0131r; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc g\u00fcnl\u00fck hareket periyodu, takvim g\u00fcn\u00fc s\u00fcresinden yakla\u015f\u0131k 4 dakika daha k\u0131sad\u0131r: nitekim, bir mevsimin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131nda saat 21.00’de do\u011fudan do\u011fan bir y\u0131ld\u0131z, mevsim ilerledik\u00e7e, ayn\u0131 saatte g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcnde giderek daha y\u00fcksekte g\u00f6r\u00fcnecektir. G\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fc hep ayn\u0131 saatte g\u00f6zlemlendi\u011finde, bu durumun aydan aya de\u011fi\u015fti\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a fark edilebilir. Her mevsim yeni bir y\u0131ld\u0131z k\u00fcmesi getirir; bunlar, do\u011fu\u015f ve bat\u0131\u015flar\u0131 g\u00fcnd\u00fcze rastlamadan \u00f6nce, az \u00e7ok uzun bir periyot boyunca g\u00f6zlemlenebilir.<\/p>\n
Ekvator, gece boyunca t\u00fcm tak\u0131my\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131n ge\u00e7i\u015finin g\u00f6r\u00fclebildi\u011fi tek D\u00fcnya b\u00f6lgesidir. Buradan uzakla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r uzakla\u015f\u0131lmaz, kimi y\u0131ld\u0131zlar hi\u00e7 g\u00f6r\u00fcnmez. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bunlar hi\u00e7bir zaman ufkun \u00fcst\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131kmaz. Kutuplara yakla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6zlemlenebilecek g\u00f6k k\u00fcre par\u00e7as\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcr; ancak, g\u00f6k k\u00fcrenin merkezinde, y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131n hi\u00e7 batmad\u0131klar\u0131 ve bu nedenle s\u00fcrekli g\u00f6r\u00fcnd\u00fckleri az \u00e7ok geni\u015f bir b\u00f6lge vard\u0131r: buna \u00ab kutup dairesi \u00bb denir, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc ufkun \u00fcst\u00fcnde yer alan g\u00f6k kutbunu \u00e7evrelemektedir. Kutuplarda da, ancak tek yar\u0131 k\u00fcre g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir; di\u011feri daima ufuk \u00e7izgisinin alt\u0131nda kal\u0131r. G\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcnde, \u00e7\u0131plak g\u00f6zle g\u00f6r\u00fclebilen yakla\u015f\u0131k 6.000 y\u0131ld\u0131z vard\u0131r; bunlar\u0131n 20 kadar\u0131 \u00e7ok parlakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131n dizili\u015fleri mevsimler ve y\u0131llara g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fir. Bu nedenle de insanlar y\u00fczy\u0131llar boyunca y\u0131ld\u0131zlara bakarak anlamlar \u00e7\u0131kartabilmi\u015ftir. Tak\u0131my\u0131ld\u0131z, g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn (veya g\u00f6k k\u00fcrenin) b\u00f6l\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc 88 alandan her birine verilen isimdir.Terim genellikle, yanl\u0131\u015f bir bi\u00e7imde, g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015fte birbiriyle ilgili g\u00f6z\u00fcken y\u0131ld\u0131z gruplar\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131mlamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Baz\u0131 \u00fcnl\u00fc tak\u0131my\u0131ld\u0131zlar, \u00e7e\u015fitli nesnelere benzetilen parlak y\u0131ld\u0131z d\u00fczenlerine sahiptir. \u00d6rnek olarak, bir […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":23,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[506],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-60277","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-astronomi"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n