{"id":47982,"date":"2018-10-13T23:37:03","date_gmt":"2018-10-13T21:37:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/osr.org\/?p=47982\/"},"modified":"2024-01-31T19:56:16","modified_gmt":"2024-01-31T17:56:16","slug":"asteroitler-ve-kuyruklu-yildizlar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/osr.org\/tr\/blog\/astronomi\/asteroitler-ve-kuyruklu-yildizlar\/","title":{"rendered":"Asteroitler ve kuyruklu y\u0131ld\u0131zlar"},"content":{"rendered":"

Asteroitlerin ke\u015ffi, gezegenlerin matematiksel bir diziye g\u00f6re s\u0131raland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6ren (fakat Nept\u00fcn’\u00fcn ke\u015ffiyle ge\u00e7erlili\u011fini yitiren) Titius-Bode yasas\u0131 sayesinde ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu form\u00fcl J. D. Titius taraf\u0131ndan 1766 y\u0131l\u0131nda, J. E. Bode taraf\u0131ndan ise 1778 y\u0131l\u0131nda belirtilmi\u015ftir. Form\u00fcle g\u00f6re, Mars ile J\u00fcpiter aras\u0131nda ke\u015ffedilmemi\u015f bir gezegen olmal\u0131d\u0131r.
\n1802’de \u0130ngiliz bilim adam\u0131 Sir William Herschel taraf\u0131ndan 1 Ceres ve 2 Pallas’\u0131 tan\u0131mlamak i\u00e7in ortaya at\u0131lan kavram, sonradan Mars ve J\u00fcpiter y\u00f6r\u00fcngeleri aras\u0131nda ke\u015ffedilen \u00e7ok say\u0131da k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck g\u00f6kcismini i\u00e7ine alm\u0131\u015f, ard\u0131ndan Mars’ta daha i\u00e7te ve hatta J\u00fcpiter y\u00f6r\u00fcngesinden daha d\u0131\u015fta yer alan cisimleri de kapsayacak \u015fekilde geni\u015fletilmi\u015ftir. Asteroit kelimesi Yunanca asteroeid\u0113s (y\u0131ld\u0131z gibi, y\u0131ld\u0131z \u015fekilli) kelimesinden gelir.<\/p>\n

20. y\u00fczy\u0131l ortalar\u0131ndan itibaren G\u00fcne\u015f Sistemi’nin d\u0131\u015f s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131nda hen\u00fcz saptanamam\u0131\u015f \u00e7ok say\u0131da g\u00f6kcisminin bulunabilece\u011fi \u00f6ne s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ve olas\u0131 y\u00f6r\u00fcnge \u00f6zelliklerine g\u00f6re bu cisimleri i\u00e7ine alacak kuramsal Kuiper ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131 ve Oort bulutu terimleri tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1992 y\u0131l\u0131nda Kuiper ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131 tan\u0131m\u0131na uyan ilk cisim ke\u015ffedilmi\u015f, 2012’ye kadar ke\u015ffedilen Kuiper ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131 cisimleri say\u0131s\u0131 1000’i a\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Pratik nedenlerle Kuiper ve Oort bulutu cisimlerinin Nept\u00fcn \u00f6tesi cisimler tan\u0131m\u0131 alt\u0131nda toplanmaktad\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece G\u00fcne\u015f \u00e7evresinde d\u00f6nen cisimler genel olarak “gezegenler”, “c\u00fcce gezegenler”, “kuyrukluy\u0131ld\u0131zlar”, “asteroitler” ve “Nept\u00fcn \u00f6tesi cisimler” olarak grupland\u0131r\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u0130ngilizce g\u00f6kbilim terminolojisinde yak\u0131n tarihlerde ya\u015fanan yeni bir geli\u015fme, uzun s\u00fcredir yayg\u0131n kullan\u0131mdan kalkm\u0131\u015f olan minor planets kavram\u0131n\u0131n yine pratik nedenlerle yeniden canland\u0131r\u0131lmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r. G\u00fcne\u015f sistemi \u00fcyelerinin daha tutarl\u0131 bir s\u0131n\u0131flamas\u0131n\u0131 yapmak amac\u0131yla at\u0131lan bu ad\u0131m, gezegenler ve meteorlar d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan t\u00fcm cisimleri tek bir \u00e7at\u0131 alt\u0131nda toplamaya dayanmaktad\u0131r. Fakat asteroitler ve Nept\u00fcn \u00f6tesi cisimleri kapsayacak \u015fekilde geni\u015fletilen bu kavram, T\u00fcrk\u00e7ele\u015ftirme a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan sorun yaratmaktad\u0131r. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck gezegenler \u015feklinde T\u00fcrk\u00e7eye \u00e7evrilebilecek olan minor planets tan\u0131m\u0131, “asteroit” s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn e\u015f anlaml\u0131s\u0131 olan “k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck gezegen” kavram\u0131 ile \u00e7ak\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

G\u00fcne\u015f sistemi haritas\u0131<\/span><\/h2>\n

G\u00fcne\u015f Sistemi haritas\u0131na bir g\u00f6z atmak, gezegenlerin iki gruba ayr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmek i\u00e7in yeterlidir. Mars ve J\u00fcpiter’in y\u00f6r\u00fcngeleri aras\u0131nda 480 milyon kilometreyi a\u015fan bir bo\u015fluk vard\u0131r. 18. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Titius’un buldu\u011fu ve Bode’un tan\u0131tt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir matematiksel ba\u011f\u0131nt\u0131, g\u00fcne\u015f sisteminin bu b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde bir gezegen bulunabilece\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinin do\u011fmas\u0131na neden oldu. Amat\u00f6r Macar g\u00f6kbilimci Baron von Zach’\u0131n giri\u015fimiyle bir g\u00f6zlemciler grubu, “gezegen avc\u0131lar\u0131” birli\u011fini kurdu. Birlik \u00fcyeleri d\u00fczenli bir ara\u015ft\u0131rma y\u00f6ntemi bulmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131lar; ama ba\u015far\u0131ya ula\u015famad\u0131lar. 1 Ocak 1801’de Palermo’da Piazzi, yeni bir y\u0131ld\u0131z katalo\u011fu i\u00e7in ola\u011fan g\u00f6zlemlerini yaparken, yeni bir g\u00f6kcismine rastlad\u0131 ve bu g\u00f6kcisminin aranan gezegen oldu\u011fu ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Bode yasas\u0131na uygun olarak ortalama 411,2 milyon kilometre uzakl\u0131kta G\u00fcne\u015f \u00e7evresinde dolanan bu gezegene, Ceres ad\u0131 verildi.<\/p>\n

Ne var ki, “gezegen avc\u0131lar\u0131” bu g\u00f6kcismini aranan gezegen i\u00e7in yeterli bulmad\u0131lar; Ceres tam anlam\u0131yla bir gezegen b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan (g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde \u00e7ap\u0131n\u0131n 952 km oldu\u011fu bilinmektedir), ba\u015fka gezegenler bulunabilece\u011fini ileri s\u00fcrd\u00fcler. 1802-1808 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda \u00fc\u00e7 gezegen daha (Pallas, Juno ve Vesta) bulundu; sonra ba\u015fka gezegen olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kan\u0131s\u0131na varan “gezegen avc\u0131lar\u0131” birli\u011fi da\u011f\u0131ld\u0131. Ne var ki 1845’de Alman amat\u00f6r g\u00f6kbilimci Hencke, be\u015finci k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck gezegen Astraea’y\u0131 buldu ve 1848 y\u0131l\u0131ndan sonra her y\u0131l birka\u00e7 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck gezegen bulundu. \u00c7a\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda asteroitler otomatik bilgisayarl\u0131 sistemlerle saptanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

En b\u00fcy\u00fckler <\/span><\/h2>\n

Asteroit ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00f6kcismi, ilk bulunan asteroit olan, ayn\u0131 zamanda bir c\u00fcce gezegen olarak da s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lan Ceres’tir. 952 kilometrelik \u00e7ap\u0131yla Ceres, tek ba\u015f\u0131na t\u00fcm asteroit ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n k\u00fctlece \u00fc\u00e7te birini olu\u015fturur. \u0130kinci ve \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc b\u00fcy\u00fck asteroitler olan Pallas ve Vesta’n\u0131n da \u00e7aplar\u0131 500 kilometreyi ge\u00e7er. Asteroit ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc en b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00f6kcismi olan 10 Hygiea ise ilk asteroidin ke\u015ffinden 48 y\u0131l sonra, 1849’da ke\u015ffedilmi\u015ftir. Bu g\u00f6kcisimlerinin hi\u00e7birinin k\u00fctlesi bir atmosferi tutabilecek boyutlara ula\u015famaz; bir\u00e7o\u011fu birka\u00e7 kilometrelik, hatta birka\u00e7 y\u00fcz metrelik k\u00fctlelerdir ve en b\u00fcy\u00fck birka\u00e7\u0131 hari\u00e7 k\u00fcre \u015feklini alacak kadar k\u00fctle\u00e7ekimleri yoktur.<\/p>\n

Asteroit ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131ndeki g\u00f6kcisimleri k\u00fcmelenme e\u011filimi g\u00f6sterir ve baz\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerde bulunmazlar. J\u00fcpiter’in dolan\u0131m s\u00fcresinin bir kesiri kadar s\u00fcrelerde dolan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 tamamlayacak uzakl\u0131kta yer alan (\u00f6zellikle 1:2, 1:3, 1:5 oranlar\u0131nda) bir asteroitin y\u00f6r\u00fcngesi, J\u00fcpiter’in genel \u00e7ekimi nedeniyle karars\u0131zla\u015f\u0131r. Bu ku\u015faktaki bo\u015fluklara Kirkwood Bo\u015fluklar\u0131 ad\u0131 verilir. Baz\u0131 asteroitlerin y\u00f6r\u00fcngesi \u00e7ok e\u011fik, baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131nkiyse e\u015fmerkezlidir; ama \u015fimdiye kadar, geri d\u00f6nme hareketi yapan bir asteroite rastlanmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

En ilgi \u00e7ekici asteroitler, ana k\u00fcmeden ayr\u0131lanlard\u0131r. Baz\u0131 asteroitler D\u00fcnya’ya \u00e7ok yakla\u015f\u0131rlar: Bi\u00e7imi d\u00fczensiz, en uzun \u00e7ap\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k 24,8 km olan Eros, 1931 ve 1975 y\u0131llar\u0131nda D\u00fcnya’ya 24 milyon kilometre uzakl\u0131ktan ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir; \u00e7ap\u0131 1,6 km olan Hermes, 1937’de D\u00fcnya’ya 776.000 km’ye kadar yakla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. D\u00fcnya’ya 6,4 milyon kilometreye kadar yakla\u015fabilen Icarus, G\u00fcne\u015f’e Merk\u00fcr’den daha \u00e7ok yakla\u015f\u0131r. Y\u00f6r\u00fcngesi \u00e7ok bas\u0131k olan Hidalgo, g\u00fcn\u00f6te noktas\u0131nda Sat\u00fcrn’\u00fcn y\u00f6r\u00fcngesinin yak\u0131nlar\u0131ndan ge\u00e7er. Trojan asteroitleri J\u00fcpiter’le ayn\u0131 y\u00f6r\u00fcngeyi izler; ama J\u00fcpiter’le ayn\u0131 h\u0131zda ve ondan 60\u00ba a\u00e7\u0131sal uzakl\u0131kta dolanmas\u0131 nedeniyle bir \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fma s\u00f6z konusu de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n

Asteroit ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131 nedir?<\/span><\/h2>\n

Mars ve J\u00fcpiter’in y\u00f6r\u00fcngeleri aras\u0131nda kalan ana asteroit ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n resmi.
\nAsteroit Ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131, Mars ve J\u00fcpiter’in y\u00f6r\u00fcngeleri aras\u0131nda kalan, asteroit y\u00f6r\u00fcngelerinin en yo\u011fun bulundu\u011fu G\u00fcne\u015f Sistemi b\u00f6lgesidir ve G\u00fcne\u015f Sistemi’nin olu\u015fumundan kalan toz ve asteroitlerden olu\u015fur. Bug\u00fcne kadar yakla\u015f\u0131k 600.000 civar\u0131nda asteroit ve c\u00fcce gezegen burada ke\u015ffedilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Asteroit Ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131’nda Bode Yasas\u0131 ile bir gezegen oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcyordu. Detayl\u0131 g\u00f6zlemler sonucunda 1 Ocak 1801 y\u0131l\u0131nda astronom Giuseppe Piazzi taraf\u0131ndan bir c\u00fcce gezegen olan Ceres bulundu ve yar\u0131m as\u0131r boyunca 8. gezegen olarak bilindi. Bu g\u00fcne kadar en b\u00fcy\u00fck asteroit olarak kalan Ceres, bu ku\u015faktaki maddenin %32’sine sahiptir. Ceres’ten 15 ay sonra Heinrich Wilhelm Olbers taraf\u0131ndan ke\u015ffedilen ikinci asteroit 2 Pallas’d\u0131r. Daha sonra Alman astronom Karl L. Harding taraf\u0131ndan 1804’te ke\u015ffedilen 3 Juno ve yine Olbers taraf\u0131ndan 1807’de ke\u015ffedilen 4 Vesta, ku\u015fataki maddenin %1 ve %9’unu ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. Vesta, ku\u015faktaki ikinci b\u00fcy\u00fck asteroit olup 2012 y\u0131l\u0131nda NASA’n\u0131n Dawn uydusu taraf\u0131ndan ziyaret edilmi\u015f ve incelenmi\u015ftir. 2015’in May\u0131s ay\u0131nda iyonla\u015fma g\u00fcd\u00fcml\u00fc bu uydunun Ceres’i de ziyaret etmesi pl\u00e2nlanmaktad\u0131r. Asteroid ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131’ndaki asteroidlerin toplam k\u00fctlesi yakla\u015f\u0131k Ay’\u0131n k\u00fctlesi kadard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Vesta<\/span><\/h2>\n

4 Vesta Asteroit Ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131’n\u0131n ikinci b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00f6k cismidir. Ortalama \u00e7ap\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k 530 km ve tahmin\u00ee k\u00fctlesi Asteroit Ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131’n\u0131n toplam k\u00fctlesinin yakla\u015f\u0131k 9%’udur. Vesta en parlak asteroittir ve G\u00fcne\u015f’ten en uzak oldu\u011fu nokta Ceres’in G\u00fcne\u015f’e en yak\u0131n olan uzakl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan \u00e7ok az fazlad\u0131r. Vesta Alman g\u00f6kbilimci Heinrich Wilhelm Olbers taraf\u0131ndan 29 Mart 1807’de ke\u015ffedilmi\u015ftir. Asteroitin ad\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f matematik\u00e7i Carl Friedrich Gauss Roma b\u00e2kire ev ve aile tanr\u0131\u00e7as\u0131 Vesta’ya ithafen vermi\u015ftir. Vesta, 2012 y\u0131l\u0131nda NASA’n\u0131n Dawn uzay arac\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan ziyaret edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Gaspra<\/span><\/h2>\n

951 Gaspra 30 Temmuz 1916’da G. Neujmin taraf\u0131ndan Rechen Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc, Simeis’te ke\u015ffedilen, asteroid ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131 asteroidi. Galileo uzay arac\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan ziyaret edilmi\u015ftir. G\u00fcne\u015f’ten ortalama olarak 330 milyon km uzakl\u0131ktad\u0131r. Boyutlar\u0131 19x11x10 km’dir yani bu asteroid bir sosise benziyor da denebilir. Di\u011fer asteroidlerden farkl\u0131 ve ilgin\u00e7 bir \u015fekilde bu asteroidin kuvvetli bir manyetik alan\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ida<\/span><\/h2>\n

243 Ida, asteroit ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131nda Koronis ailesinden bir asteroittir, 29 Eyl\u00fcl 1884 tarihinde Avusturyal\u0131 astronom Johann Palisa taraf\u0131ndan ke\u015ffedildi. Daha sonraki teleskobik ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar sonucunda Ida S-tipi asteroit olarak kategorize edilmi\u015ftir. 28 A\u011fustos 1993 tarihinde J\u00fcpiter’e gitmekte olan Galileo uzay sondas\u0131 Ida’n\u0131n foto\u011fraflar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ekmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Apofis<\/span><\/h2>\n

99942 Apofis, 19 Haziran 2004’te R. A. Tucker, D. J. Tholen ve F. Bernardi taraf\u0131ndan Kitt Peak’de ke\u015ffedilen, Aten s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 D\u00fcnya’ya yak\u0131n bir y\u00f6r\u00fcngesi bulunan bir meteorittir. M\u0131s\u0131r k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fck tanr\u0131s\u0131 Apofis’in ismini ta\u015f\u0131r. NASA taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan dikkatli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmlerle 2029 ve 2036 y\u0131llar\u0131nda d\u00fcnyam\u0131z\u0131n \u00e7ok yak\u0131n\u0131ndan ge\u00e7ece\u011fi tespit edilmi\u015ftir. 13 Nisan 2029’te 300.000 kilometre D\u00fcnya’ya yak\u0131ndan ge\u00e7erek Apollo s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 olacak, 2036 y\u0131l\u0131nda ise 30-40 bin kilometre yak\u0131ndan ge\u00e7ecektir. 7 Ekim 2009 tarihinde yap\u0131lan hesaplamalara g\u00f6re 2036 y\u0131l\u0131nda D\u00fcnya’ya \u00e7arpma olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 250.000’de 1’dir. Bir ba\u015fka olas\u0131 \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fma tarihi ise 2037’dir. Bu tarihte d\u00fcnyaya \u00e7arpma olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 12,3 milyonda 1 olarak belirlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Kuyruklu y\u0131ld\u0131zlar asl\u0131nda y\u0131ld\u0131z de\u011fildir<\/span><\/h2>\n

Kuyruklu y\u0131ld\u0131zlar, “kirli kartopu” ya da “buzlu \u00e7amur topu” olarak an\u0131l\u0131rlar. \u0130simlerinde yer almas\u0131na ra\u011fmen y\u0131ld\u0131z de\u011fildirler, buz (su ve donmu\u015f gazlar) ve (bir nedenle G\u00fcne\u015f Sistemi’nin olu\u015fumu s\u0131ras\u0131nda gezegenlerde yo\u011funla\u015famam\u0131\u015f) kozmik toz kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131ndan olu\u015furlar. Bir kuyruklu y\u0131ld\u0131z, Nept\u00fcn\u2018\u00fcn \u00f6tesindeki y\u00f6r\u00fcngesinden G\u00fcne\u015f Sistemi\u2019nin i\u00e7lerine do\u011fru ilerledik\u00e7e \u0131s\u0131nmaya ba\u015flar. S\u0131cakl\u0131k, Sat\u00fcrn\u2019\u00fcn y\u00f6r\u00fcngesinde -180 santigrat derecelere kadar y\u00fckselmi\u015ftir. Bir kuyruklu y\u0131ld\u0131z \u00fczerindeki \u201cazot buzu\u201d i\u00e7in bu s\u0131cakl\u0131k o kadar y\u00fcksektir ki, azot buzu aniden s\u0131v\u0131la\u015f\u0131p kaynamaya ve buharla\u015fmaya ba\u015flar. Kaynayarak buharla\u015fan azot gaz\u0131 kuyruklu y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131n y\u00fczeyindeki toz ve di\u011fer cisimlerle birlikte kuvvetle d\u0131\u015far\u0131 do\u011fru p\u00fcsk\u00fcrerek G\u00fcne\u015f\u2019in aksi y\u00f6n\u00fcnde bir kuyruk olu\u015fturur. G\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu kuyruktaki toz ve gaz molek\u00fcllerinden yans\u0131yarak o \u00e7ok iyi bildi\u011fimiz parlak g\u00f6steri\u015fli kuyruklu y\u0131ld\u0131z g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc meydana getirir. Kuyruklu y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131n i\u00e7erdi\u011fi \u201csu buzu dahil\u201d bu buzlar, milyarlarca y\u0131l \u00f6nce \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n \u00e7ok daha yo\u011fun oldu\u011fu d\u00f6nemlerde gezegenimizin suya kavu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hatta kimi bilimcilere g\u00f6re, kuyruklu y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131n \u00fczerindeki organik ve ya\u015fam i\u00e7in gerekli inorganik maddeler sayesinde yery\u00fcz\u00fcnde ya\u015fam\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Her ne kadar k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck g\u00f6r\u00fcnseler de, kilometrelerce \u00e7apa sahip olan kuyruklu y\u0131ld\u0131zlar, i\u00e7erdikleri buzlar\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn buharla\u015fmas\u0131na f\u0131rsat olmadan G\u00fcne\u015f\u2019ten uzakla\u015f\u0131p yeniden donarlar. \u0130\u015fte, kuyruklu y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131 di\u011fer asteroidlerden ay\u0131ran en \u00f6nemli fark, \u0131srarla vurgulad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z bu donmu\u015f gazlar\u0131n \u0131s\u0131nd\u0131klar\u0131nda yaratt\u0131klar\u0131 kuyru\u011fudur.<\/p>\n

G\u00f6rmeye al\u0131\u015f\u0131k oldu\u011fumuz D\u00fcnya yak\u0131n\u0131ndaki asteroidler, G\u00fcne\u015f\u2019e yak\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131 nedeniyle bu buzlu yap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7oktan yitirmi\u015flerdir ve bir kuyruklu y\u0131ld\u0131z gibi \u0131\u015f\u0131ldayamaz, g\u00f6kta\u015f\u0131 olarak \u00f6m\u00fcrlerini s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcrler.<\/p>\n

Oort bulutu ve kuyruklu y\u0131ld\u0131z k\u00fcmesi<\/span><\/h2>\n

Oort bulutu veya \u00d6pik-Oort bulutu, G\u00fcne\u015f’in etraf\u0131nda d\u00f6nen kuyruklu y\u0131ld\u0131z k\u00fcmesi. Bu kuyruklu y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131n enberi \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011fi 5-50 AB (Astronomi birimi) ve en\u00f6te \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011fi ise 30.000-100.000 AB’dir (bu uzakl\u0131klar\u0131n hepsi g\u00fcne\u015f merkezlidir). Unutulmamal\u0131d\u0131r ki en\u00f6te y\u00f6r\u00fcngeleri Pl\u00fcton’un y\u00f6r\u00fcngesinin \u00e7ok \u00f6tesindedir. G\u00fcne\u015fe en yak\u0131n y\u0131ld\u0131z olan Proxima Centauri 270.000 AB uzakta oldu\u011fundan, bu kuyruklu y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131n y\u00f6r\u00fcngeleri yak\u0131n\u0131ndan ge\u00e7tikleri y\u0131ld\u0131zlar taraf\u0131ndan de\u011fi\u015ftirilebilir. Bunun sonucu, ya G\u00fcne\u015f Sistemi’ne do\u011fru ya da y\u00f6r\u00fcngeyi de\u011fi\u015ftiren y\u0131ld\u0131za do\u011fru y\u00f6nelirler. Do\u011fal olarak bu t\u00fcr kuyruklu y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131n y\u00f6r\u00fcngeleri 100.000’lerce y\u0131l olabilir. Bu \u00f6zelliklerinden dolay\u0131 Oort Bulutu, donmu\u015f kuyruklu y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131n deposu olarak da an\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u0130lk olarak 1932’de Ernst \u00d6pik, bir kuyruklu y\u0131ld\u0131z deposunun varl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan s\u00f6z etmi\u015ftir. 1950’de Jan Hendrik Oort, \u00e7ok uzak bir gezegenden gelen kuyruklu y\u0131ld\u0131zlardan s\u00f6z etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Bulut’taki tahmini kuyruklu y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 1011 ile 1012 (100 milyar ile 1000 milyar)’d\u0131r. Tahmini toplam k\u00fctlesi 1028 gm’d\u0131r. 100.000 AB yar\u0131\u00e7apl\u0131 bir bulut y\u00f6r\u00fcngesinin ya\u015fam s\u00fcresi ise, 1,1 milyar y\u0131l tahmin edilmektedir.<\/p>\n

Oort Bulutu’nun iki ayr\u0131 b\u00f6lgeden olu\u015ftu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmektedir. K\u00fcre \u015feklindeki d\u0131\u015f Oort Bulutu ve disk \u015feklindeki i\u00e7 Oort Blutu veya Hills Bulutu.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Asteroitlerin ke\u015ffi, gezegenlerin matematiksel bir diziye g\u00f6re s\u0131raland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6ren (fakat Nept\u00fcn’\u00fcn ke\u015ffiyle ge\u00e7erlili\u011fini yitiren) Titius-Bode yasas\u0131 sayesinde ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu form\u00fcl J. D. Titius taraf\u0131ndan 1766 y\u0131l\u0131nda, J. E. Bode taraf\u0131ndan ise 1778 y\u0131l\u0131nda belirtilmi\u015ftir. Form\u00fcle g\u00f6re, Mars ile J\u00fcpiter aras\u0131nda ke\u015ffedilmemi\u015f bir gezegen olmal\u0131d\u0131r. 1802’de \u0130ngiliz bilim adam\u0131 Sir William Herschel taraf\u0131ndan 1 Ceres ve […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":23,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[506],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-47982","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-astronomi"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nAsteroitler ve kuyruklu y\u0131ld\u0131zlar - Online Star Register<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Herkesin s\u00fcrekli kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 iki kavram, kuyruklu y\u0131ld\u0131z ve asteroit... Bunlar\u0131n aras\u0131nda fark nedir?\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/osr.org\/tr\/blog\/astronomi\/asteroitler-ve-kuyruklu-yildizlar\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Asteroitler ve kuyruklu y\u0131ld\u0131zlar - Online Star Register\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Herkesin s\u00fcrekli kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 iki kavram, kuyruklu y\u0131ld\u0131z ve asteroit... Bunlar\u0131n aras\u0131nda fark nedir?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/osr.org\/tr\/blog\/astronomi\/asteroitler-ve-kuyruklu-yildizlar\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Online Star Register\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2018-10-13T21:37:03+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-01-31T17:56:16+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Hatice Utkan Ozden\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Hatice Utkan Ozden\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"7 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\n\t \"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\",\n\t \"@graph\": [\n\t {\n\t \"@type\": \"WebPage\",\n\t \"@id\": \"https:\/\/osr.org\/tr\/blog\/astronomi\/asteroitler-ve-kuyruklu-yildizlar\/\",\n\t \"url\": \"https:\/\/osr.org\/tr\/blog\/astronomi\/asteroitler-ve-kuyruklu-yildizlar\/\",\n\t \"name\": \"Asteroitler ve kuyruklu y\u0131ld\u0131zlar - Online Star Register\",\n\t \"isPartOf\": {\n\t \"@id\": \"https:\/\/osr.org\/tr\/#website\"\n\t },\n\t \"datePublished\": \"2018-10-13T21:37:03+00:00\",\n\t \"dateModified\": \"2024-01-31T17:56:16+00:00\",\n\t \"author\": {\n\t \"@id\": \"https:\/\/osr.org\/tr\/#\/schema\/person\/ef86e8c767dff5d728379a636d34a85a\"\n\t },\n\t \"description\": \"Herkesin s\u00fcrekli kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 iki kavram, kuyruklu y\u0131ld\u0131z ve asteroit... Bunlar\u0131n aras\u0131nda fark nedir?\",\n\t \"breadcrumb\": {\n\t \"@id\": \"https:\/\/osr.org\/tr\/blog\/astronomi\/asteroitler-ve-kuyruklu-yildizlar\/#breadcrumb\"\n\t },\n\t \"inLanguage\": \"tr\",\n\t \"potentialAction\": [\n\t {\n\t \"@type\": \"ReadAction\",\n\t \"target\": [\n\t \"https:\/\/osr.org\/tr\/blog\/astronomi\/asteroitler-ve-kuyruklu-yildizlar\/\"\n\t ]\n\t }\n\t ]\n\t },\n\t {\n\t \"@type\": \"BreadcrumbList\",\n\t \"@id\": \"https:\/\/osr.org\/tr\/blog\/astronomi\/asteroitler-ve-kuyruklu-yildizlar\/#breadcrumb\",\n\t \"itemListElement\": [\n\t {\n\t \"@type\": \"ListItem\",\n\t \"position\": 1,\n\t \"name\": \"Home\",\n\t \"item\": \"https:\/\/osr.org\/tr\/\"\n\t },\n\t {\n\t \"@type\": \"ListItem\",\n\t \"position\": 2,\n\t \"name\": \"Astronomi\",\n\t \"item\": \"https:\/\/osr.org\/tr\/astronomi\/\"\n\t },\n\t {\n\t \"@type\": \"ListItem\",\n\t \"position\": 3,\n\t \"name\": \"Asteroitler ve kuyruklu y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\"\n\t }\n\t ]\n\t },\n\t {\n\t \"@type\": \"WebSite\",\n\t \"@id\": \"https:\/\/osr.org\/tr\/#website\",\n\t \"url\": \"https:\/\/osr.org\/tr\/\",\n\t \"name\": \"Online Star Register\",\n\t \"description\": \"\",\n\t \"potentialAction\": [\n\t {\n\t \"@type\": \"SearchAction\",\n\t \"target\": {\n\t \"@type\": \"EntryPoint\",\n\t \"urlTemplate\": \"https:\/\/osr.org\/tr\/?s={search_term_string}\"\n\t },\n\t \"query-input\": {\n\t \"@type\": \"PropertyValueSpecification\",\n\t \"valueRequired\": true,\n\t \"valueName\": \"search_term_string\"\n\t }\n\t }\n\t ],\n\t \"inLanguage\": \"tr\"\n\t },\n\t {\n\t \"@type\": \"Person\",\n\t \"@id\": \"https:\/\/osr.org\/tr\/#\/schema\/person\/ef86e8c767dff5d728379a636d34a85a\",\n\t \"name\": \"Hatice Utkan Ozden\",\n\t \"description\": \"Hatice Utkan \u00d6zden is a writer and a journalist. She has worked for various newspapers and art magazines and is the main editor of Artdog International, an arts and culture website and magazine. Hatice studies Philosophy at Istanbul University and teaches Art Writing and Museology courses at Yeditepe University. Some of her published works include her book Contemporary Art and Creativity and two poetry books. Being passionate about astronomy and the stars, Hatice has written many articles for the OSR Blog since 2018. \u201cThe opportunities to write and marvel about stars are just like the universe itself, infinite.\u201d\",\n\t \"url\": \"https:\/\/osr.org\/tr\/blog\/author\/hatice-utkan-ozden\/\"\n\t }\n\t ]\n\t}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Asteroitler ve kuyruklu y\u0131ld\u0131zlar - Online Star Register","description":"Herkesin s\u00fcrekli kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 iki kavram, kuyruklu y\u0131ld\u0131z ve asteroit... Bunlar\u0131n aras\u0131nda fark nedir?","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/osr.org\/tr\/blog\/astronomi\/asteroitler-ve-kuyruklu-yildizlar\/","og_locale":"tr_TR","og_type":"article","og_title":"Asteroitler ve kuyruklu y\u0131ld\u0131zlar - Online Star Register","og_description":"Herkesin s\u00fcrekli kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 iki kavram, kuyruklu y\u0131ld\u0131z ve asteroit... Bunlar\u0131n aras\u0131nda fark nedir?","og_url":"https:\/\/osr.org\/tr\/blog\/astronomi\/asteroitler-ve-kuyruklu-yildizlar\/","og_site_name":"Online Star Register","article_published_time":"2018-10-13T21:37:03+00:00","article_modified_time":"2024-01-31T17:56:16+00:00","author":"Hatice Utkan Ozden","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Hatice Utkan Ozden","Est. reading time":"7 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/osr.org\/tr\/blog\/astronomi\/asteroitler-ve-kuyruklu-yildizlar\/","url":"https:\/\/osr.org\/tr\/blog\/astronomi\/asteroitler-ve-kuyruklu-yildizlar\/","name":"Asteroitler ve kuyruklu y\u0131ld\u0131zlar - Online Star Register","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/osr.org\/tr\/#website"},"datePublished":"2018-10-13T21:37:03+00:00","dateModified":"2024-01-31T17:56:16+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/osr.org\/tr\/#\/schema\/person\/ef86e8c767dff5d728379a636d34a85a"},"description":"Herkesin s\u00fcrekli kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 iki kavram, kuyruklu y\u0131ld\u0131z ve asteroit... Bunlar\u0131n aras\u0131nda fark nedir?","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/osr.org\/tr\/blog\/astronomi\/asteroitler-ve-kuyruklu-yildizlar\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"tr","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/osr.org\/tr\/blog\/astronomi\/asteroitler-ve-kuyruklu-yildizlar\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/osr.org\/tr\/blog\/astronomi\/asteroitler-ve-kuyruklu-yildizlar\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/osr.org\/tr\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Astronomi","item":"https:\/\/osr.org\/tr\/astronomi\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"Asteroitler ve kuyruklu y\u0131ld\u0131zlar"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/osr.org\/tr\/#website","url":"https:\/\/osr.org\/tr\/","name":"Online Star Register","description":"","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/osr.org\/tr\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"tr"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/osr.org\/tr\/#\/schema\/person\/ef86e8c767dff5d728379a636d34a85a","name":"Hatice Utkan Ozden","description":"Hatice Utkan \u00d6zden is a writer and a journalist. She has worked for various newspapers and art magazines and is the main editor of Artdog International, an arts and culture website and magazine. Hatice studies Philosophy at Istanbul University and teaches Art Writing and Museology courses at Yeditepe University. Some of her published works include her book Contemporary Art and Creativity and two poetry books. Being passionate about astronomy and the stars, Hatice has written many articles for the OSR Blog since 2018. \u201cThe opportunities to write and marvel about stars are just like the universe itself, infinite.\u201d","url":"https:\/\/osr.org\/tr\/blog\/author\/hatice-utkan-ozden\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/osr.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/47982","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/osr.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/osr.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/osr.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/23"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/osr.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=47982"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/osr.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/47982\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":424313,"href":"https:\/\/osr.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/47982\/revisions\/424313"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/osr.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=47982"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/osr.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=47982"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/osr.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=47982"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}