Bug\u00fcne kadar astronomlar\u0131n g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc en uzak y\u0131ld\u0131zdan (10 milyar \u0131\u015f\u0131k y\u0131l\u0131) daha uzakta bir y\u0131ld\u0131z ke\u015ffedildi: Earendel. Genelde uzmanlar bu kadar fazla mesafelerde sadece galaksileri fark edebiliyorlar ancak \u015fansl\u0131 bir tesad\u00fcf Hubble Uzay Teleskobu ile Earendel\u2019i bulmalar\u0131n\u0131 ve 30 Temmuz\u2019da tekrardan James Webb ile g\u00f6zlemlemelerini sa\u011flad\u0131.<\/p>\n
Hubble Teleskobu ile yakalanan g\u00f6rsel ile NASA\u2019n\u0131n yeni 10 milyar dolarl\u0131k s\u00fcper uzay teleskobunun g\u00f6rseli kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, uzmanlar Earendel\u2019i uzak galaksi k\u00fcmeleri alt\u0131nda s\u00f6n\u00fck k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 bir nokta olarak buldular. I\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n D\u00fcnya\u2019ya ula\u015fmas\u0131 12.9 milyar \u0131\u015f\u0131k y\u0131l\u0131 alan y\u0131ld\u0131z, o kadar s\u00f6n\u00fck ki Hubble\u2019\u0131n deste\u011fi olmadan bulunmas\u0131 \u00e7ok zorlay\u0131c\u0131 olurdu. Webb\u2019in k\u0131z\u0131l\u00f6tesi \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 alg\u0131larken Hubble g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr, mor \u00f6tesi \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6zlemliyor. Webb, \u00fcnl\u00fc Hubble teleskobunun takip\u00e7isi olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmesine ra\u011fmen iki teleskobun yan yana \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu \u00f6rnek tamamen NASA\u2019n\u0131n tasarlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir durum.<\/p>\n
Cosmic Spring JWST’nin Twitter hesab\u0131n\u0131 kullanan bir astronom grubu, “Earendel\u2019in ilk JWST g\u00f6rselini payla\u015fmak i\u00e7in \u00e7ok heyecanl\u0131y\u0131z, evrenin bilindik en uzak y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131, devasa galaksi k\u00fcmeleri taraf\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fct\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ve merceklenmi\u015f\u201d diyerek foto\u011fraf\u0131 tweet att\u0131.<\/p>\n
Bu Tweet’te k\u00fctle\u00e7ekimsel merceklenmeden bahsediliyor. Burada D\u00fcnya\u2019ya yak\u0131n bir galaksiler k\u00fcmesinin k\u00fctle\u00e7ekim kuvveti ile mercek etkisi yarat\u0131p, y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131n \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 b\u00fckerek ve uzatarak daha parlak g\u00f6r\u00fcnmesine sa\u011fl\u0131yor.<\/p>\n
M\u00fckemmel hizalanma etkisi
\nBu i\u015flem, Earendel\u2019\u0131n \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n 1,000 kat\u0131ndan fazla \u015fiddetli bir \u015fekilde bulundu\u011fu Sunrise Arc galaksisini b\u00fcy\u00fcterek, astronomerlerin Webb ile birlikte Earendel\u2019in bireysel bir y\u0131ld\u0131z olup y\u00fczlerce y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131n k\u00fcmesi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 onaylamalar\u0131na olarak verdi. Uzmanlara g\u00f6re \u201cy\u0131ld\u0131z galaksi k\u00fcmesiyle m\u00fckemmel bir \u015fekilde hizalanmas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 boyutu maksimum miktarda b\u00fcy\u00fct\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ve bu y\u00fczden \u015fuan g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr halde.\u201d<\/p>\n
Maryland\u2019deki Uzay Teleskobu Bilim Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131 Dan Coe, the New Scientist\u2019e \u201c\u00c7ok \u015fansl\u0131 bir g\u00f6rev. \u015euana kimse bu kadar b\u00fcy\u00fct\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f y\u0131ld\u0131z da galaksi de g\u00f6rmedi\u201d dedi. I\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n D\u00fcnya\u2019ya ula\u015fmas\u0131 zaman ald\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, Webb\u2019in yeni g\u00f6rseli Earendel\u2019in Big Bang\u2019den 900 milyon sonraki g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6steriyor.<\/p>\n
\u0130smini alma hikayesi
\nJohn Hopkins \u00dcniversitesi’nde y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131n ke\u015ffi i\u00e7in bir astronom grubuna liderlik eden doktora aday\u0131 Brian Welch\u2019e g\u00f6re Earendel\u2019\u0131n ismi, Tolkien\u2019in E\u00e4rendil adl\u0131 karakterinden esinlendi. Welch, \u201cBir zamanlar bu objenin bir y\u0131ld\u0131z oldu\u011funa emindik. Bunun \u00fczerinde ben de olas\u0131 isimleri d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeye ba\u015flad\u0131m. E\u00e4rendil Y\u00fcz\u00fcklerin Efendisi serisinde gemisi Vingilot ve aln\u0131nda Silmaril ile denize a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131 ve sonunda bir y\u0131ld\u0131z olarak Orta D\u00fcnyada umudun bir sembol\u00fc oldu. Bu y\u00fczden akl\u0131ma gelen ilk isimlerden biriydi. Daha fazla ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131nca, Tolkien\u2019in karakterin ad\u0131 i\u00e7in as\u0131l ilham\u0131n\u0131n eski \u0130ngilizce bir kelime olan ve sabah y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131 anlam\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan Earendel oldu\u011funu buldum\u201d dedi. Bununla birlikte \u201cSabah y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131 referans\u0131 \u00f6zellikle iyi uydu \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu d\u00f6nem s\u0131kl\u0131kla \u2018Kozmik \u015fafak\u2019 olarak adland\u0131r\u0131yor ve bunu bilmek benim i\u00e7in y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131n ad\u0131n\u0131n Earendel olmas\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fch\u00fcrledi.<\/p>\n
“Bu ke\u015fif yeni bir umut vaat ediyor”
\nMaryland\u2019deki Uzay Teleskobu Bilim Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn astronomlar\u0131, yak\u0131n zamanda k\u00fctlesel merceklenme tart\u0131\u015fan makalesinde \u201cJWST ilk y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131 incelemek i\u00e7in tasarland\u0131. Yak\u0131n zamana kadar, bunun ilk galaksiler i\u00e7erisinde y\u0131ld\u0131z kitleleri bulunmas\u0131 demek oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fck. Ancak son \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131l i\u00e7erisinde, \u00fc\u00e7 tane bireysel g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc-lensli y\u0131ld\u0131zlar ke\u015ffedildi. Bu ke\u015fif kozmolojik mesafelerde y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131 g\u00f6zlemek ad\u0131na yeni bir umut vaat ediyor\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n
Astronomerler Webb\u2019in Uzay Teleskobu Bilim Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc ekibi i\u00e7in Aral\u0131k\u2019ta yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 planlanan, bir sonraki g\u00f6zlemlerinde, Earendel ve Sunrise Arc\u2019\u0131n neden yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131karaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 umuyor. Coe, “Hepimiz y\u0131ld\u0131z materyallerinden olu\u015fuyoruz, ancak bu materyaller evrenin ilk zamanlar\u0131nda ortal\u0131kta de\u011fildi. Bu a\u011f\u0131r elementlerin 13 milyar y\u0131l \u00f6nce y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131n i\u00e7erisinde bulunup bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlamak kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kan ender bir f\u0131rsat\u201d diye konu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n
\u0130lk s\u00fcpernova tespit edildin<\/span><\/p>\n Webb, ilk s\u00fcpernovas\u0131n\u0131 tespit ederek bilim insanlar\u0131n\u0131 \u015fa\u015f\u0131rtt\u0131. S\u00fcpernova \u00f6lmekte olan bir y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131n, enerjisi biterek \u015fiddetle patlamas\u0131 demek ve bir s\u00fcpernovan\u0131n parlakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n G\u00fcne\u015f\u2019in parlakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fcz milyon kat\u0131na ula\u015fma potansiyeli var. Teleskobun bu tespiti asl\u0131nda s\u00fcpernovalar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclemek ad\u0131na yarat\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve normalde s\u00fcpernova g\u00f6ren b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli tarama teleskoplar\u0131na z\u0131t olarak, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli olmas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar i\u00e7in beklenmedik ve \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 bir geli\u015fme oldu. Bilim operasyonlar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flamas\u0131ndan sadece birka\u00e7 g\u00fcn sonra James Webb Uzay Teleskobu\u2019nun NIRCam kameras\u0131 3 ile 4 milyar \u0131\u015f\u0131k y\u0131l\u0131 uzakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, SDSS.J141930.11+5251593 adl\u0131 bir galaksiden beklenmedik parlak bir obje tespit etti. Bu obje be\u015f g\u00fcn i\u00e7erisinde \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmeye ba\u015flad\u0131 ve patlamas\u0131 ile birka\u00e7 g\u00fcn i\u00e7erisinde tesad\u00fcfen yakalanm\u0131\u015f bir s\u00fcpernova olabilece\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmeye ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n Bu geli\u015fmeler ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 kalmay\u0131p Webb heyecan verici yeni g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcler vermeye devam ediyor. Cartwheel adl\u0131 galaksiyi g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleyen teleskop, galaksinin merkezi kara deli\u011fi ve y\u0131ld\u0131z olu\u015fumu ile ilgili yeni bilgilere ula\u015ft\u0131. Cartwheel Galaksisi \u0130svi\u00e7leri astronom Fritz Zwicky 150 bin \u0131\u015f\u0131k y\u0131l\u0131 \u00e7a\u011f\u0131ndaki galaksiyi 1941 y\u0131l\u0131nda ke\u015ffetti ve at arabas\u0131n\u0131n tekerle\u011fine benzeyen g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fcnden dolay\u0131 ona Araba Tekeri Galaksisi (Cartwheel Galaxy) ad\u0131n\u0131 verdi.<\/p>\n “\u0130ki galaksinin \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fmas\u0131yla olu\u015ftu”<\/span><\/p>\n Galaksi D\u00fcnya\u2019ya 500 milyon \u0131\u015f\u0131k y\u0131l\u0131 uzakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bulunuyor ve biri di\u011ferinden daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck iki spiral galaksinin h\u0131zla \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 ile olu\u015ftu\u011fu s\u00f6yleniyor. NASA ve ESA\u2019n\u0131n ortak a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131na g\u00f6re \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fma en \u00e7ok galaksinin \u015fekline ve yap\u0131s\u0131na etki etti ve merkezinden d\u0131\u015far\u0131 do\u011fru geni\u015flemesine sebep oldu. A\u00e7\u0131klamada, d\u0131\u015f halkan\u0131n 440 milyon y\u0131ld\u0131r geni\u015fledi\u011fi belirtildi ve bu geni\u015flemenin halkay\u0131 gaza \u00e7evirerek y\u0131ld\u0131z olu\u015fumunu harekete ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi aktar\u0131ld\u0131. Ayn\u0131 zamanda daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck parlak halkan\u0131n s\u0131cak toz bulundurdu\u011fu ve gen\u00e7 y\u0131ld\u0131z k\u00fcmelerini bar\u0131nd\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 ifade edildi.<\/p>\n A\u00e7\u0131klamaya g\u00f6re ge\u00e7mi\u015fte i\u00e7erisinde Hubble Uzay Teleskobu olmak \u00fczere \u00e7e\u015fitli teleskoplar taraf\u0131ndan incelenen Cartwheel Galaksisi\u2019nin i\u00e7erisindeki toz miktar\u0131n\u0131n fazlal\u0131\u011f\u0131 sebebiyle g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f engellendi ve gizemi \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclemedi. Ancak James Webb Teleskobu\u2019nun di\u011ferlerinden kendini ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131ran k\u0131z\u0131l\u00f6tesi \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 alg\u0131lama yetene\u011fi sayesinde galaksiye ge\u00e7mi\u015fte ne oldu\u011fu ve gelecekte ne olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenmenin kap\u0131lar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n Kaynak: Gazeteoksijen.com<\/p>\n